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      <title>消息模型与交换机类型 - 交互式测验</title>
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          color: white;
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      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>消息模型与交换机类型 - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "某公司需要向所有在线用户推送一条紧急系统维护通知。无论用户属于哪个群体或地区，都应无差别地收到此通知。在这种“广播”场景下，最适合使用哪种类型的 RabbitMQ 交换机？",
    "options": [
      "Direct Exchange",
      "Topic Exchange",
      "Fanout Exchange",
      "Headers Exchange"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "Fanout Exchange 的核心特性是广播，它会将接收到的所有消息路由到所有与之绑定的队列中，并且完全忽略路由键。这使其成为需要将同一消息无差别地发送给多个消费者的理想选择，例如系统公告或实时通知。",
    "source": "文档中「Fanout Exchange（扇出交换机）」和「交换机类型的应用场景分析」部分",
    "hint": "文档中提到一种交换机具有“广播的特性”，并且“不关心消息的路由键”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "一个在线教育平台需要处理不同类型的后台任务，例如“视频转码”（video.transcode）和“作业批改”（assignment.grade）。系统需要确保这两种任务被精确地发送到各自专门的处理队列中。应选择哪种交换机来实现这种精确的任务分发？",
    "options": [
      "Fanout Exchange",
      "Direct Exchange",
      "Topic Exchange",
      "Headers Exchange"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "Direct Exchange 的核心机制是基于路由键（routing key）的精确匹配。生产者发送消息时指定一个路由键（如 \"video.transcode\"），交换机会将该消息只发送到绑定了完全相同路由键的队列。这非常适合需要根据明确标识符进行分类和路由的场景。",
    "source": "文档中「Direct Exchange（直接交换机）」和「交换机类型的应用场景分析」部分",
    "hint": "哪种交换机的工作原理是基于“精确匹配”的路由键？"
  },
  {
    "question": "一个监控系统使用 Topic Exchange 路由日志，日志路由键的格式为 `region.service.level`（例如 `us.auth.error`）。如果一个团队需要接收所有来自 `us` 地区、任何服务的 `error` 级别日志，应该使用哪个绑定键？",
    "options": [
      "us.#",
      "us.*.error",
      "*.error",
      "us.error"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "在 Topic Exchange 中，通配符 `*` 用于匹配一个单词（由点分隔）。为了捕获 `us` 地区下、任何单个服务（如 `auth` 或 `payment`）的 `error` 级别日志，绑定键 `us.*.error` 是最精确的选择。它确保了第一部分是 `us`，第三部分是 `error`，而中间的服务部分可以是任意一个单词。`us.#` 会匹配 `us` 地区的所有日志，过于宽泛。",
    "source": "文档中「Topic Exchange（主题交换机）」部分",
    "hint": "请回想一下 `*`（星号）和 `#`（井号）通配符在匹配单词数量上的根本区别。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在 RabbitMQ 中，“绑定（Binding）”的核心作用是什么？",
    "options": [
      "直接将生产者（Producer）和消费者（Consumer）连接起来。",
      "在队列内部对消息进行排序和优先级管理。",
      "建立交换机和队列之间的关联，并定义消息的路由规则。",
      "为交换机创建一个备份，以防主交换机发生故障。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "绑定是 RabbitMQ 消息路由机制的基石。它是一种逻辑上的连接，通过绑定，我们告诉交换机当收到符合特定规则（如路由键或头部信息）的消息时，应该将该消息的一个副本发送到哪个队列。没有绑定，从交换机发出的消息将无处可去。",
    "source": "文档中「交换机与队列的绑定」部分",
    "hint": "文档中将绑定定义为“是交换机和队列之间的一种关联，定义了交换机如何将消息传递给队列”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "某电商系统需要根据消息的元数据（而不是路由键）来路由订单消息。例如，只有当消息头同时包含 `format: pdf` 和 `priority: high` 这两个键值对时，才由一个特定的队列处理。应该使用哪种交换机，并如何配置其匹配规则？",
    "options": [
      "Topic Exchange，并使用 `pdf.*.high` 作为绑定键。",
      "Headers Exchange，并设置 `x-match` 属性为 `any`。",
      "Direct Exchange，并使用 `pdf.high` 作为路由键。",
      "Headers Exchange，并设置 `x-match` 属性为 `all`。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 3,
    "explanation": "Headers Exchange 是唯一一种不使用路由键，而是根据消息头部（headers）的键值对来路由消息的交换机。当要求所有指定的头部字段都必须匹配时，需要在队列绑定时将 `x-match` 参数设置为 `all`。如果设置为 `any`，则只要有一个字段匹配即可。",
    "source": "文档中「Headers Exchange（头交换机）」部分",
    "hint": "文档中描述了一种交换机不关注路由键，而是根据消息的头部信息进行路由。它的匹配规则由一个特殊的 `x-match` 属性控制。"
  },
  {
    "question": "与主要依赖路由键进行路由决策的 Direct 和 Topic Exchange 不同，Fanout Exchange 的路由行为有何根本区别？",
    "options": [
      "它依赖于消息的头部信息进行路由。",
      "它完全忽略消息的路由键，无条件地广播给所有绑定的队列。",
      "它必须要求路由键为特定的通配符 `#` 才能广播。",
      "它只会将消息发送给第一个绑定的队列，以实现负载均衡。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "Fanout Exchange 的工作模式是“无条件广播”。它的核心特点是不检查、不关心消息上附带的任何路由键。只要一个队列绑定到了某个 Fanout Exchange，它就会收到该交换机接收到的所有消息的副本。",
    "source": "文档中「Fanout Exchange（扇出交换机）」部分的「与 Direct Exchange 的对比」和「与 Topic Exchange 的对比」",
    "hint": "在对比几种交换机时，文档强调了一种交换机“不使用路由键，它不依赖消息的路由键来做路由决策”。"
  },
  {
    "question": "为什么说 Topic Exchange 在某些场景下比 Direct Exchange 更具灵活性和扩展性？",
    "options": [
      "因为 Topic Exchange 的路由性能远高于 Direct Exchange。",
      "因为它不需要路由键，配置更简单。",
      "因为它既能通过精确匹配路由键实现点对点通信，也支持使用通配符进行更复杂的模式匹配。",
      "因为它会自动将消息广播到所有队列，而 Direct Exchange 不会。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "Topic Exchange 非常灵活。当其绑定键不包含任何通配符时，它的行为就和 Direct Exchange 完全一样，进行精确匹配。但它的真正优势在于支持 `*` 和 `#` 通配符，这使得它可以根据复杂的模式将一条消息路由到多个符合条件的队列，从而轻松实现复杂的发布/订阅模型，提供了更高的扩展性。",
    "source": "文档中「Topic Exchange（主题交换机）」部分的「与 Direct Exchange 的对比」",
    "hint": "思考一下，如果 Topic Exchange 的绑定键不使用任何通配符，它的行为会像哪种交换机？"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

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        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
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          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
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            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
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                    li.classList.add('selected');
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          updateNavigationButtons();
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        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
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            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
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                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  